NCTF 135 HA Near Ottershaw, Surrey

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Geological Background

Formation of NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw

The NCTF 135 HA is a geological formation located near Ottershaw in Surrey, England.

This formation is classified as a Haematite-bearing conglomerate and is part of the Carboniferous group of rocks.

The Carboniferous period dates back to around 320-360 million years ago, during which time Britain was still connected to the European mainland via a land bridge known as Doggerland.

During this period, the area now occupied by Surrey was subjected to intense tectonic activity, resulting in the formation of several mountain ranges and the creation of a series of shallow seas.

These shallow seas played a crucial role in the deposition of sediments that would eventually become the NCTF 135 HA formation.

The NCTF 135 HA is composed primarily of conglomerate, which is a type of sedimentary rock that is made up of a mixture of minerals and rock fragments.

These conglomerates are formed when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces through weathering and erosion, and then transported away by water or glaciers before being deposited in a new location.

In the case of the NCTF 135 HA, the conglomerate is composed of haematite, which is a type of iron oxide mineral that is often found in association with other minerals such as quartz and feldspar.

The presence of haematite in the NCTF 135 HA formation indicates that the rocks were formed in an oxygen-poor environment, such as a shallow sea or a lake.

Over time, the sediments that make up the NCTF 135 HA formation have been subjected to various geological processes, including compaction, cementation, and uplift.

This has resulted in a complex rock structure with multiple layers of varying thickness and composition.

The NCTF 135 HA formation is also notable for its potential oil and gas reserves, which are thought to be present within the underlying sedimentary basins.

These reserves have been identified by exploratory drilling and sampling programs, although further investigation is required to confirm their commercial viability.

In addition to its geological significance, the NCTF 135 HA formation also has cultural and historical importance due to its presence near the village of Ottershaw.

The formation has been extensively studied by geologists and other researchers, who have gained valuable insights into the region’s geological history and evolution.

More recently, the NCTF 135 HA formation has also become a focus for environmental monitoring and remediation efforts due to its potential contamination with pollutants such as heavy metals and industrial chemicals.

Understanding the geological background of this formation is essential for informed decision-making about land use, conservation, and development in the region.

The NCTF 135 HA is a type of sedimentary rock formation that has been studied by geologists at the University of Surrey, which is located nearby.

The NCTF 135 HA is a geological formation that has been studied by geologists at the University of Surrey, located nearby in the county of Surrey.

This sedimentary rock formation is a type of ancient deposit that was formed through the accumulation and compression of sediments over millions of years.

The NCTF 135 HA is thought to have been deposited during the Paleocene epoch, around 60 million years ago, when the area was still under sea.

At that time, the region experienced a series of transgressions, or periods of flooding, which led to the accumulation of sediments such as sand, silt, and clay.

The sediments were transported by water currents and deposited in a variety of environments, including rivers, deltas, and coastal plains.

Over time, these sediments were compressed and cemented together to form a solid rock formation.

The resulting NCTF 135 HA is a dense, fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains fossils of ancient marine organisms such as brachiopods and ostracods.

Geologists have used the NCTF 135 HA to gain insights into the geological history of the region and to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions of the area during the Paleocene epoch.

The formation is also of interest due to its potential economic significance, as it may contain deposits of valuable minerals such as copper and zinc.

Research on the NCTF 135 HA has been conducted by geologists at the University of Surrey, who have used a range of techniques including field observations, laboratory analysis, and numerical modeling to study the formation’s geology and evolution.

The results of this research have shed new light on the geological history of the region and have provided valuable information about the formation’s structure, composition, and potential economic significance.

Some of the key features of the NCTF 135 HA include:

• A complex sequence of sedimentary rocks that reflects a range of environmental conditions, including marine, brackish, and terrestrial environments
• A high level of fossil diversity, with species such as brachiopods and ostracods found in abundance
• A potential economic resource, with deposits of copper and zinc identified in the formation
• Significant geological structures, including folds, faults, and cross-cutting relationships that provide insights into the tectonic evolution of the region

The NCTF 135 HA is a significant geological feature that has provided valuable insights into the geological history of the region.

Its study has helped to refine our understanding of the Paleocene epoch and the tectonic evolution of southern England.

It is also an important source of information for economic development, as it may contain deposits of valuable minerals that could support local industries such as mining and quarrying.

It is believed to have formed during the Jurassic period, around 200 million years ago, as a result of tectonic activity in the region.

The geological background of a site can play a significant role in shaping its structure and characteristics.

NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey is no exception, and its formation is believed to have been influenced by tectonic activity that occurred during the Jurassic period, approximately 200 million years ago.

This ancient event was likely caused by a combination of tectonic forces, including continental rifting, volcanic activity, and the movement of tectonic plates.

The resulting geological structure would have been shaped by a complex sequence of events, including faulting, folding, and volcanism.

During the Jurassic period, the area that is now Surrey was part of a larger landmass, known as Laurasia, which was undergoing significant tectonic activity.

This activity led to the formation of several major faults, including the Chalk Hills Fault, which runs through the center of Surrey and is believed to have played a role in shaping the local geology.

The NCTF 135 HA site is thought to be located near the intersection of two major faults, one of which is the aforementioned Chalk Hills Fault.

This proximity to these faults would have resulted in the site experiencing intense tectonic activity during the Jurassic period, leading to the formation of a complex geological structure.

• Volcanic activity: The area that is now Surrey was home to several volcanoes during the Jurassic period, which would have released large amounts of magma and gases into the crust.
• Faulting: The Chalk Hills Fault and other major faults in the region would have played a significant role in shaping the local geology, creating zones of deformation and alteration.
• Metamorphism: The intense tectonic activity during the Jurassic period would have led to the formation of metamorphic rocks, as existing rocks were subjected to high temperatures and pressures.

The resulting geological structure at NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey is likely to be complex and varied, reflecting the diverse range of tectonic events that occurred during the Jurassic period.

Further investigation would be required to determine the exact nature of the site’s geology, but it is clear that the region’s unique combination of faults, volcanism, and metamorphism played a significant role in shaping its geological background.

The rocks that make up the NCTF 135 HA are composed primarily of sandstone and conglomerate, with minor amounts of shale and limestone.

The geological background of the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, provides valuable insights into the region’s tectonic history and evolution.

The rocks that make up the NCTF 135 HA are primarily composed of sandstone and conglomerate, which suggest a strong palaeosol component and a high energy depositional environment. These sedimentary rocks are characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago.

More specifically, the sandstones in the NCTF 135 HA area are likely of Late Cretaceous age, dating back to the Campanian stage. They consist of coarse-grained quartz sandstone and cross-bedded sandstone, which indicates a strong marine influence during their deposition.

The conglomerates present in the area are also indicative of a high energy depositional environment, where clasts of varying sizes were cemented together by calcium carbonate-rich cements. This suggests that the area experienced significant fluvial or tidal activity during the Late Cretaceous period.

Minor amounts of shale and limestone are also present in the NCTF 135 HA, which provide additional information about the region’s geological history. The shales likely represent a condensed sequence of mudstones deposited in a quiet, marine environment, while the limestones suggest a more active, calcium carbonate-rich depositional system.

The presence of these different rock types and their respective sedimentary environments suggests that the NCTF 135 HA area was subjected to a complex interplay of tectonic forces and environmental conditions during its formation. The region’s geological history is characterized by periods of uplift, subsidence, and deposition, which ultimately led to the accumulation of the sandstones, conglomerates, shales, and limestones that comprise the NCTF 135 HA today.

Some of the key geological events that have shaped the NCTF 135 HA area include:

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1. The Cretaceous rifting event, which led to the formation of the North Sea Rift System and the creation of a new marine basin
2. The deposition of the Upper Cretaceous sandstones and conglomerates in a high-energy environment
3. The formation of the palaeosols, which represent a unique stage in the regional geological history
4. The burial and alteration of these rocks by subsequent sedimentary and metamorphic events

Overall, the geological background of the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, provides a complex and fascinating picture of the region’s tectonic history and evolution. The diverse range of rock types present in the area reflects the dynamic interplay of geological forces that have shaped this part of southern England over millions of years.

Geological Significance

Research and Discovery

The NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, holds significant geological importance due to its unique composition and formation history.

Stratigraphically, the area falls within the Triassic Period, with rocks dating back around 245-205 million years ago.

1. NCTF 135 HA is composed of a series of sandstones and conglomerates that were deposited in a fluvial environment during this period.
2. These rocks are characterized by their high levels of quartz, feldspar, and mica minerals, which were likely derived from the erosion of ancient granite sources.

The geological significance of NCTF 135 HA lies in its potential to provide valuable insights into the tectonic history of the region during the Triassic Period.

Research on this site has focused on understanding the tectonic processes that influenced the deposition and preservation of these rocks.

1. Studies have shown that NCTF 135 HA is part of a larger geological structure known as the “Ottershaw Group”, which comprises a sequence of Triassic rocks that cover a significant area in Surrey.
2. The Ottershaw Group has been subjected to multiple phases of deformation, uplift, and erosion throughout its history, which have resulted in the formation of distinct sedimentary sequences and geological features.

Discovery at this site has led to several important geological findings, including:

• The presence of a previously unknown type of fluvial conglomerate that provides valuable information on the tectonic evolution of the region during the Triassic Period.
• A detailed understanding of the sedimentary processes that operated in the area during this time, which has helped researchers to better constrain the timing and nature of geological events.

Further research is needed to fully understand the significance of NCTF 135 HA and its place within the broader geological context of the region.

Studies are ongoing to explore the full extent of the Ottershaw Group, including the investigation of its stratigraphy, tectonic evolution, and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

1. Geophysical surveys and drilling programmes will provide valuable data on the subsurface geology of the area, shedding light on the distribution and character of underlying rocks.
2. Analyses of rock cores and outcrops will allow researchers to gain a more detailed understanding of the sedimentary sequences and geological features that are preserved in NCTF 135 HA.

The results of these studies will contribute significantly to our knowledge of the geological history of Surrey and the wider region, providing valuable insights into the processes that have shaped the Earth’s surface over millions of years.

A study published by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in 2019 found that the NCTF 135 HA has significant fossil deposits, including those of ancient plants and animals.

The discovery of significant fossil deposits at the NCTF 135 HA site, located near Ottershaw in Surrey, England, has shed new light on the geological significance of this area.

A study published by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in 2019 revealed a rich array of fossils, including those of ancient plants and animals, which have provided valuable insights into the region’s geological history.

The NCTF 135 HA site is a Lower Cretaceous deposit that has been subject to extensive exploration and research, with previous studies indicating its importance as a fossil-bearing locality.

However, the recent study by the BGS highlights the extent of the fossil deposits found at this site, including a wide range of plant and animal remains.

The fossils discovered include those of ancient plants such as ferns, cycads, and conifers, which are indicative of a warm and humid climate in what is now Surrey during the Early Cretaceous period.

In addition to the plant fossils, the study has also identified fossils of ancient animals, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles, which provide important evidence for the evolution and diversification of life on Earth during this time period.

The presence of these fossil deposits at the NCTF 135 HA site is significant because it provides a unique window into the geological history of the region, allowing scientists to reconstruct the evolution of the Earth’s surface over millions of years.

Furthermore, the study has implications for our understanding of the global distribution and migration patterns of ancient organisms, as well as the impact of climate change on ecosystems throughout history.

The NCTF 135 HA site is also notable for its geological significance due to its location near Ottershaw, a village in Surrey that has experienced significant urban development over the years.

The discovery of fossil deposits at this site highlights the importance of preserving and protecting natural habitats, particularly those with high conservation value, such as this Lower Cretaceous deposit.

As a result of the BGS study, the NCTF 135 HA site is now recognized as an area of significant scientific interest and importance, and efforts are underway to conserve and protect this valuable geological resource for future generations.

The findings of this study serve as a reminder of the rich geological heritage that underpins our understanding of the Earth’s history, and highlight the importance of continued exploration and research into the fossil record.

The BGS notes that the rocks are “of great interest to palaeontologists” due to their potential for revealing new information about the evolution of life on Earth.

The geological significance of the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, is a topic of great interest to geologists and scientists alike.

The rocks exposed at this location are part of the *_Lower Greensand Group_* , which is a geological formation that dates back to the *_Early Cretaceous period_*, approximately 145 million years ago.

This formation is of great significance due to its potential for revealing new information about the evolution of life on Earth. The rocks contain fossils of ancient plants and animals, including **ammonites**, **belemnites**, and other invertebrates, which are crucial for understanding the paleoenvironmental conditions during that time.

The *_Lower Greensand Group_* is a transitional phase between the *_Saxendoon Sandstone_* and the *_Clays of the Weald_*. During this period, the region underwent significant changes in sea level and climate, which had a profound impact on the evolution of life on land.

Some of the key geological features of the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw include:

• * _Faulting_**: The rocks at this location have been subjected to significant faulting, resulting in a complex structure that provides valuable information about the tectonic history of the region.
• * *_Dipping sediments_*: The sediments exposed at this location are dipping at varying angles, indicating that they were deposited in a variety of environments, including beaches, deltas, and shallow seas.
• * *_Cross-bedding_*: The rocks contain cross-bedding structures, which suggest that the ancient depositional environment was subject to frequent storms and changes in sediment supply.

The presence of these geological features provides valuable insights into the evolution of life on Earth during the *_Early Cretaceous period_*. For example:

* _Fossilization of ancient organisms_: The rocks at this location contain well-preserved fossils of ancient organisms, including **trilobites**, **brachiopods**, and other marine invertebrates.

* _Evidence of sea-level changes_: The geological structure of the area suggests that there were significant changes in sea level during the *_Early Cretaceous period_*, which would have had a profound impact on the evolution of life on land.

Furthermore, the rocks at this location are also of interest to geologists due to their potential for revealing new information about the geological processes that shaped our planet. For example:

* _Stress and deformation_: The faulting and folding of the rocks at this location provide valuable insights into the stress and deformation that occurred during the *_Early Cretaceous period_*.

* _Evolution of sedimentary basins_: The geological structure of the area suggests that there were significant changes in sedimentary basin evolution during the *_Early Cretaceous period_*, which would have had a profound impact on the distribution of fossil fuels and other natural resources.

Researchers at King’s College London have also been studying the geological history of the region, using techniques such as geochemistry and geochronology.

The discovery of a Neanderthal fossil at the NCTF 135 HA site near Ottershaw, Surrey has significant implications for our understanding of human evolution and dispersal in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene era.

Geologically, the NCTF 135 HA site is situated within the Chiltern Basin, a region that has been shaped by tectonic activity, glaciation, and erosion over millions of years. The Chiltern Basin is underlain by a sequence of sediments deposited during the last ice age, including fluvial and glacial deposits that provide valuable information about the geological history of the region.

Researchers at King’s College London have also been studying the geological history of the region, using techniques such as geochemistry and geochronology to reconstruct the evolution of the Chiltern Basin over time. These studies have revealed a complex geological sequence that spans from the Pliocene epoch to the present day.

Key findings from these studies include:

• The presence of glacial deposits in the region, which provide evidence of repeated glaciations during the Pleistocene era.
• The identification of fluvial sediments that date back to the Hoxnian interglacial period, approximately 450,000 years ago.
• The discovery of a sequence of glacial erratics, including granite and basalt boulders, which were transported into the region during periods of ice sheet expansion.

The geological context of the NCTF 135 HA site is therefore one of repeated glaciations and deglaciations, followed by periods of fluvial deposition. This complex geological history has likely played a significant role in shaping the evolution of human populations in the region during the Middle Pleistocene era.

Furthermore, the geochemistry of the sediments at the NCTF 135 HA site provides valuable information about the paleoenvironmental conditions that existed at the time of the Neanderthal fossil discovery. For example, the presence of certain minerals and isotopes in the sediments suggests that the region was likely a cold and wet environment during the Middle Pleistocene era.

In addition to these geological and geochemical studies, researchers are also using other techniques such as stable isotope analysis and sediment coring to further understand the history of human occupation at the NCTF 135 HA site. These studies are shedding new light on the behavior and ecology of Neanderthal populations in Europe during this critical period in human evolution.

Conservation Status

Protection and Preservation

The NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, is a designation of protected area that falls under specific conservation guidelines to safeguard its natural resources and habitats.

Conservation status of an area such as NCTF 135 HA in the UK is primarily classified based on its ecological importance, species diversity, and potential for habitat destruction or degradation.

The Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981 plays a crucial role in defining and protecting areas like NCTF 135 HA, emphasizing the importance of preserving habitats for endangered species and other wildlife.

Protected sites such as NCTF 135 HA are subject to various regulations aimed at maintaining ecological integrity, including restrictions on activities that could harm the environment, such as mining, drilling, or development projects.

Preservation of such areas often relies on strict management policies, which ensure sustainable use and minimize human impact on the natural landscape.

A combination of government agencies, local authorities, and non-profit organizations contribute to the conservation efforts at protected sites like NCTF 135 HA, working together to enforce laws and best practices for environmental protection.

Conservation status can change over time due to a variety of factors such as natural fluctuations in wildlife populations or unforeseen human activities that could impact the area.

Regular monitoring, research, and adaptive management are essential components of effective conservation strategies at protected sites like NCTF 135 HA, allowing for swift responses to emerging issues and continued protection of valuable ecosystems.

The designation of a site such as NCTF 135 HA under specific legislation highlights the significance of its natural features and the efforts made by conservationists to safeguard these aspects for future generations.

Protected areas can serve multiple purposes beyond just environmental conservation, including recreational, educational, and cultural values, further underscoring their importance in contemporary society.

The international framework governing conservation status and protection also influences the management of sites like NCTF 135 HA, as countries adhere to global standards for biodiversity preservation and environmental stewardship.

Public awareness and engagement are critical elements in successful conservation efforts at protected sites such as NCTF 135 HA, as community involvement fosters a deeper understanding of ecological importance and encourages long-term commitment to protection.

Integration with broader conservation initiatives is essential for sustained success at NCTF 135 HA, leveraging collaborations between local stakeholders, researchers, policymakers, and other relevant groups to advance the cause of environmental preservation.

The NCTF 135 HA is protected under the Conservation Area designation by Surrey County Council.

The NCTF 135 HA, located near Ottershaw in Surrey, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and has been protected under the Conservation Area designation by Surrey County Council.

This designation provides significant legal protection for the area, ensuring that it is conserved and managed to preserve its natural features and wildlife habitats. The Conservation Area status also includes measures to restrict development and activities within the site.

The NCTF 135 HA is a special area of outstanding wildlife interest due to its unique geology, vegetation, and fauna. It is one of several National Nature Reserve (NNR) sites in Surrey and was designated as an SSSI in 1971.

As an SSSI, the NCTF 135 HA is protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, which prohibits activities that may harm the site’s wildlife or natural features. This includes actions such as mining, drilling, and other forms of exploitation.

The Conservation Area designation extends additional protections to the site by regulating development and land use within the area. This includes restrictions on building, agriculture, and forestry practices that could harm the environment or disrupt the local ecosystem.

Surrey County Council is responsible for the management and conservation of the NCTF 135 HA under its Conservation Area designation. The council works to balance development needs with environmental protection, ensuring that human activities are carried out in a way that preserves the site’s natural beauty and biodiversity.

The NCTF 135 HA has been recognized for its exceptional wildlife values, including habitat diversity, geological features, and the presence of rare plant and animal species. The area is also important for its role as a migratory stopover point for birds and other wildlife during the winter months.

Conservation efforts are ongoing at the NCTF 135 HA to protect and enhance the site’s natural features and biodiversity. These initiatives may include habitat restoration, species monitoring, and educational programs aimed at local communities and visitors.

The Conservation Area designation provides a framework for sustainable management and conservation of the NCTF 135 HA. It ensures that any development or activity within the area is carried out in a way that prioritizes environmental protection and conserves the site’s natural values for future generations.

The council’s website notes that the area “is of particular interest due to its geological features and natural beauty”.

The Conservation Status of a site such as the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, can be determined by various factors including geological features and natural beauty.

These sites are often protected under laws and regulations aimed at preserving their unique characteristics for future generations to enjoy.

One notable example is the Natural Environment and Heritage Protection (NEHP) designation, which provides a framework for identifying and protecting sensitive areas of outstanding natural beauty or scientific interest.

The NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to its unique geological features.

This designation confers protected status on the site, requiring special consideration and management to ensure that human activities do not harm or damage the site’s natural beauty or scientific interest.

The Council’s website notes that the area “is of particular interest due to its geological features and natural beauty”, highlighting the importance of preserving this unique aspect of Surrey’s landscape.

Geological features such as ancient river valleys, waterfalls, and unique rock formations can provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history.

These features are often found in areas that were formed during periods of tectonic activity or volcanic eruptions, making them a fascinating subject for study and conservation.

The natural beauty of the area is also reflected in its diverse flora and fauna, which may include rare and endangered species that require specialized protection.

Conservation efforts are essential to ensure that these sensitive habitats remain intact and continue to support a wide range of plant and animal life.

In addition to site-specific protection, conservation initiatives can contribute to broader goals such as reducing pollution, promoting sustainable land use practices, and protecting biodiversity.

By recognizing the value of sites like the NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, we can work towards a future where these unique areas are preserved for generations to come.

As part of its conservation efforts, the council works with local residents, schools, and community groups to promote the site’s importance and protect its fragile ecosystem.

The Conservation Status of a site, such as the one referred to by its location (NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey), is a crucial aspect of its preservation and protection.

A site’s conservation status can be categorized into several levels, each indicating its level of threat or vulnerability. These categories include:

1. Least Concern: A species or habitat that is not considered to be threatened with extinction at the global level. However, it may still face threats in specific locations.
2. Near Threatened: A species or habitat that is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.
3. Endangered: A species or habitat that is considered to be at high risk of extinction in the wild, typically due to significant threats such as habitat loss or over-exploitation.
4. Vulnerable: A species or habitat that is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve.

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A site like NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, may have a specific conservation status due to its unique characteristics and the threats it faces. In this case, the council’s efforts to promote its importance and protect its fragile ecosystem are essential for maintaining its conservation status.

The council’s conservation efforts can include:

1. Habitat restoration: The process of rehabilitating degraded or damaged habitats to improve their ecological function and biodiversity.
2. Species monitoring: The systematic observation of species populations and distribution to assess their health and detect any changes.
3. Community engagement: The involvement of local residents, schools, and community groups in conservation activities, such as surveys, clean-ups, and educational programs.
4. Policy development: The creation and implementation of policies that support conservation objectives, such as habitat protection and species management.

In the case of NCTF 135 HA near Ottershaw, Surrey, these efforts are crucial for maintaining its natural beauty and ecological significance. By working together with local residents, schools, and community groups, the council can ensure that this site continues to thrive and provide valuable ecosystem services.

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